By Dr. Sharon R. Hontiveros
What are menstrual disorders?
This term covers problems with menstrual timing, bleeding, pain, or related symptoms. Some changes are temporary; others need assessment for an underlying cause.
1. Heavy periods
Heavy menstrual bleeding—sometimes called menorrhagia—can interfere with daily activities and lead to anemia. Frequent changes of period products, leaking, or bleeding that feels difficult to manage are worth discussing with your OB-GYN.
Treatment may include medicines to reduce bleeding, hormonal options, or procedures depending on the cause and your goals.
2. Painful periods
Dysmenorrhea means menstrual pain. Heat and suitable pain-relieving medicines may help. Severe or worsening pain that disrupts daily life should be assessed, especially if usual treatment is not helping.
Sometimes pain is associated with conditions such as endometriosis or adenomyosis.
3. Irregular or missed periods
Stress, significant weight changes, intense exercise, contraception, and changes around puberty or menopause can affect your pattern. Thyroid problems and irregular ovulation are other possible causes.
If you miss a period and pregnancy is possible, take a pregnancy test. Persistent changes, bleeding between periods, or difficulty conceiving deserve evaluation.
4. PCOS: One possible underlying cause
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause irregular or infrequent periods because ovulation may not occur regularly. An irregular cycle alone does not confirm PCOS.
Assessment and care should consider your symptoms, general health, and fertility plans. Healthy habits can support care, and medication may also be appropriate. Read how PCOS is diagnosed.
Why talk about it?
Symptoms affecting your life deserve attention. Keeping a record of period dates, bleeding, pain, medicines, and missed activities can help your doctor understand your experience.
Your OB-GYN may recommend examination, blood tests, or imaging according to your symptoms. Treatment is tailored to the cause and to what matters to you.
When bleeding needs urgent care
Seek prompt medical advice if you are soaking through a pad or tampon every hour for more than 2 hours. If this happens with dizziness, lightheadedness, chest pain, or shortness of breath, seek emergency care immediately.
Seeking help is a sign of strength. You deserve clear information, support, and a plan for relief.
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