Abnormal vaginal discharge:
What is it telling you?

By Dr. Sharon R. Hontiveros

What is normal discharge?

Vaginal fluid and mucus help keep the vagina clean and moist. Normal discharge is usually clear or white without a strong, unpleasant smell. It may be sticky or slippery, and its amount and texture can change around ovulation, during pregnancy, or with contraception.

Changes to watch for

• A new unpleasant or fishy odor.
• Green, yellow, gray, or frothy discharge.
• Thick, clumpy discharge, especially with itching.
• Burning, soreness, painful urination, or pelvic pain.
• Blood-stained discharge outside your expected period, or bleeding after sex.

Appearance alone does not identify the cause. A change from your usual pattern, particularly with other symptoms, is a reason to seek assessment.

What can cause abnormal discharge?

Common causes include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection, and trichomoniasis. Cervical infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea can also cause discharge. Irritation from scented products or douching may cause discomfort and symptoms too.

Not every cause is sexually transmitted. Yeast infections are usually not acquired through sex, and bacterial vaginosis involves a change in the vaginal bacteria. Discharge is not something to feel ashamed of.

What should you do?

Avoid guessing which infection you have or repeatedly using antibiotics or antifungal medicines without assessment. Similar symptoms can have different causes and need different treatments.

Your OB-GYN may ask about symptoms, menstrual timing, medicines, products used, and sexual health. Examination and tests on discharge samples can help identify the cause and guide treatment. STI testing may be recommended when appropriate.

When to seek prompt care

Seek prompt medical advice for unusual discharge with pelvic pain, fever, or possible pregnancy. Go to an emergency department for severe or worsening pelvic pain, fainting, heavy bleeding with pain, or feeling very unwell.

Gentle care helps

Wash the external skin gently with warm water and, if needed, mild unscented soap. Avoid douching, vaginal deodorants, and scented wipes. The inside of the vagina does not need washing.

There is no need to feel embarrassed. If discharge changes or symptoms persist, a consultation can help you understand what is happening and get appropriate care.